Conhecimento e letramento em saúde no pós-operatório tardio de revascularização do miocárdio

Abstract

Introduction: Health literacy helps to increase knowledge and skills to access information and manage health care, as well as the development of mechanisms for self-care, especially in the postoperative recovery of heart surgeries. Therefore, there is a need to link actions aimed at health and behavior change of people undergoing cardiac surgery, in order to assist in their recovery, improve quality of life and early identify possible complications. Objectives: to describe the knowledge and health literacy of adults in the late postoperative period of myocardial revascularization. Method: qualitative study with a retrospective approach, carried out from December 2020 to April 2021, with 20 people who underwent cardiac surgery in the last semester of 2019. A semi-structured questionnaire, the Eight-Health Literacy Assessment, was used for data collection. Tool and an interview script. For data processing, qualitative research software was used for further content analysis. Results: The interviews were transcribed and made it possible to build a general corpus consisting of 24 texts, separated into 430 text segments with a rate of use of 86.5%. After checking the similarity, three categories emerged: “Understanding, searching and understanding health information”; “Family and friends support network, in care after cardiac surgery” and “Surgical Moment”. Conclusions. The unsatisfactory health literacy had an impact on the understanding of the health information passed on by the multidisciplinary team, resulting in difficulties in understanding their illness and in carrying out care at home. It was observed in the testimonies, the absence of health professionals in the planning and orientation of care at home, being delegated to the family the responsibility for the execution of the therapy.