APRENDIZAGENS DE ESTUDANTES DE ENFERMAGEM PARA O ENFRENTAMENTO DAS DESIGUALDADES SOCIAIS USO DA ENTREVISTA COM FOCO EM COMPETÊNCIAS E ANÁLISE APOIADA POR SOFTWARE NA PESQUISA QUALITATIVA

Abstract

Social inequalities, recognized as vital material and existential differences between individuals and groups, constitute a dynamic and multidimensional phenomenon. Reducing the impact of inequalities is one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda, necessitating initiatives to achieve this, including professional training. Thus, an extension course grounded in experiential learning was developed to foster nursing students' competencies to act upon these inequalities. This study aims to analyze the learning developed by nursing students to address social inequalities after participating in an extension course. A qualitative study was conducted with 8 students. Data were collected through interviews focusing on competencies, wherein participants were asked about their experiences regarding the educational intervention, their learnings, and the acquisition of competencies. The interviews underwent Critical Discourse Analysis with the aid of MAXQDA 2022 software, facilitating data organization and the peer coding process to reduce biases. Ethical aspects were respected. Learning encompassed dimensions of Apprehension of Immediate Experience, Conceptual Understanding, Intentional Reflection (Intention), and, to a lesser extent, Extension of Active Experimentation. The mobilization of actions in the competency domains of Identification, Analysis, Action, and Transformation of social inequality situations was evident. Post-course, the relationship between the competencies developed and the experiential learning cycle is confirmed, with discursive strategies expressing evaluative assumptions, modalizations, metaphors, representation of social actors, temporality, and modes of ideology operation. Conclusions: The formative practice's effects contributed to participants demonstrating the intention to adopt attitudes to tackle social inequalities. The use of competency-focused interviews and MAXQDA software was crucial for analyzing learning processes and competency development.